Bachu County is located in the southwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, at the southern foot of the Tianshan Mountains and the northwest edge of the Tarim Basin. 38 N. 42 7～40。 18 7, 77 east longitude. 22 7～79。 56 7. It is connected with Awati County and Moyu County in Aksu Region in the east, Shache County, Magaiti County and Pishan County in Hotan Region in the south, Kashi County, Yuepuhu County, Atushi City and Aheqi County in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in the west, and Keping Mountain System in the Tianshan Mountains in the north is connected with Keping Mountain in Aksu Region. The terrain inclines from southwest to northeast, and the main geomorphic features are desert, mountain, flood plain and alluvial plain.

In 2019, the administrative area of Bachu County was 18900 square kilometers; It has jurisdiction over 4 towns and 8 townships; In 2019, the registered residence population of Bachu County was 371514. In 2019, the regional GDP of Bachu County was 6936.73 million yuan, the added value of the primary industry was 2470.49 million yuan, the added value of the secondary industry was 1356.22 million yuan, the general public budget revenue was 327.42 million yuan, and the general public budget expenditure was 6108.62 million yuan.

Bachu County has historical and cultural relics such as the King City of the Tang Dynasty, the ancient beacon site, the ancient tomb of Kalamdarbek, and natural landscapes such as the golden euphratic poplar, the desert scenery, and the plain lake. There are 314 national highway (Urumqi) Hong (Qilapu) highway, Bachu-Shache highway, Bachu-Tumshuk highway, Nanjiang railway and other important traffic arteries in southern Xinjiang.

On January 24, 2020, the People's Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region agreed to withdraw Bachu County from the poverty-stricken county sequence.