Shule County is located in the southwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the northwest of Kashgar, and adjacent to Jiashi County and Yuepuhu County in the east; It borders Yingjisha County in the south and Aktau County in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in the west; It is adjacent to Shufu County in the northwest and faces Kashgar City and Shufu County across the Kizil River in the north.

The administrative area of Shule County is 2398 square kilometers. At the end of 2019, Shule County had a registered residence population of 378465. Shule County has jurisdiction over 3 towns and 12 townships. There are Uygur, Han, Hui, Uzbek, Kirgiz, Tajik, Mongolian and other nationalities in Shule Town. The county people's government is located in Shule Town. Shule County has Zhang Qian Park, Zhang Qian Memorial Hall, Shule History Museum, Science and Technology Culture Center, Nurlan Folk Park, Baiguo Ecological Park Scenic Spot, Yafu Spring Desert Populus euphratica Forest and other tourist attractions.

In 2019, Shule County's GDP was 6874.75 million yuan, the added value of the primary industry was 265.771 million yuan, the added value of the secondary industry was 1107.58 million yuan, the general public budget revenue was 35.04 million yuan, and the general public budget expenditure was 6280.74 million yuan.

On September 25, 2018, it was awarded the honorary title of "2018 Comprehensive Demonstration County of E-commerce in Rural Areas" by the Ministry of Commerce. On January 24, 2020, the People's Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region agreed to withdraw Shule County from the poverty-stricken county sequence. In October 2020, it was rated as a national model city (county) for mutual support.