Xichuan County is subordinate to Nanyang City, Henan Province. Located in the southwest border of Henan and the golden zone at the junction of Henan, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces, it is named because Xishui River runs through the territory and forms a hundred mile alluvial plain. Xichuan has a dangerous terrain, which is easy to defend but difficult to attack during the ancient war. It is known as "The Central Plains is not in war, but Xijing is moving". The county covers a total area of 2820 square kilometers, governing 17 towns (streets) and 499 villages (communities). According to the data of the seventh population census, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Xichuan County is 538569.

Xichuan, known as Danyang in ancient times, has a long history and splendid culture. It is one of the birthplaces of Chu culture. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was the location of Danyang, the original capital of the State of Chu. Over 300 years of Chu's 800 year history, Danyang was the capital of the State of Chu. Chu people took Danyang as a starting point, took power to determine hegemony in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, expanded their territory, and marched southward all the way. They united more than 50 small countries, became the hegemony of the south, and created a brilliant culture. Fan Li, the sage of the Shang Dynasty, Fan Ye, a historian, Fan Zhen, a materialist thinker, and other influential historical figures were nurtured.

Xichuan County is the largest immigration county in China, and has won the honorary titles of "Hometown of Chinese Folk Culture and Arts", "National Safe Fishery Demonstration County", "National Advanced County in Science and Technology Progress", etc. In 2015, Xichuan was rated as the "National Advanced Cultural County" by the Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China. In 2017, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Notice on Clarifying the Types of New National Key Ecological Functional Zones. Xichuan was selected as the "National Key Ecological Functional Zone".

In 2018, the GDP of Xichuan County reached 22.885 billion yuan, an increase of 7.7% over the previous year. The added value of the primary industry reached 3813.43 million yuan, an increase of 3.6% over the previous year; The added value of the secondary industry reached 10674.49 million yuan, an increase of 7.5% over the previous year; The added value of the tertiary industry reached 8397.2 million yuan, an increase of 10.2% over the previous year. The ratio of three industries is 16.7: 46.6: 36.7. On February 26, 2020, the People's Government of Henan Province approved Xichuan County to withdraw from poverty-stricken counties, and officially lifted its hat.