Zhongxian County is located in the middle of Chongqing City, in the heart of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, adjacent to Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County in the east, Fengdu County in the south, Dianjiang County in the west, Wanzhou District and Liangping District in the north, and the People's Government of the county is located at No. 2, Zhongbo Avenue, Zhongzhou Street; The land survey covers an area of 2182.83 square kilometers, governing 4 streets, 19 towns, 6 townships, 372 villages (communities). By the end of 2021, there are 341100 registered residence and 962300 registered residence in Zhongxian County.

Zhongxian Zhou is the land of Ba State, and Qin belongs to Ba County; In 112 BC (the fifth year of the Yuanding reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), Linjiang County was established, belonging to Bajun. In the sixth year of Liang Datong (540), Linjiang County was set up in Ba County and led by Linjiang County. In the eighth year of Tang Zhenguan's reign (634), Yan Yan and Gan Ning were loyal to the city because of the death of Bamanzi. In the 21st year of the Yuan Dynasty (1284), it was renamed Zhongzhou. In the 12th year of Yongzheng's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1734), Shengzhong Prefecture became Zhili Prefecture. In April of the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Zhongzhou was abolished as Zhongxian County, which was subordinate to Dongchuan Road. On December 7, 1949, Zhongxian County was liberated. In January 1950, the CPC Zhongxian County Committee was established. In June 1997, Zhongxian County was transferred from Sichuan Province to Chongqing municipality under the jurisdiction of Wanxian City. In February 1998, Chongqing Wanxian Immigration Development Zone (later set up Wanzhou Immigration Development Zone) was established to manage six counties including Zhongxian County. On June 25, 2000, Wanzhou Immigration Development Zone was abolished and Zhongxian County was directly managed by Chongqing Municipality.

Zhongxian County is a national civilized county, a national health county, a national garden county, a national demonstration county for the comprehensive reform of public hospitals, a national ecological civilization pilot demonstration area, and a national advanced county for grain production. It has won the honorary titles of "China's most internationally influential tourist destination", "National Pig Dispatch County", and "National City for Righteousness". On December 31, 2019, it was selected as a typical county for rural innovation and entrepreneurship in China. In May 2020, it was included in the demonstration list of new urbanization construction in the county seat. On April 23, 2021, the Central Civilization Office issued a document confirming that Zhongxian County will continue to retain the honorary title of National Civilized City.