Shaya County is subordinate to Aksu Region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is located in the south by east of Aksu region, Xinjiang, in the north of Tarim basin, at the southern end of the Weigan River oasis plain, bordering Tianshan Mountains in the north and the desert in the south. It is an important channel of the ancient Silk Road and an important part of the ancient Kucha. The administrative area is 31848 square kilometers. By October 2021, Shaya County has 7 towns and 4 townships under its jurisdiction. By the end of 2019, Shaya County had a registered residence population of 263280, including 22 ethnic groups, such as Uygur, Han and Russian, of which the Uygur accounted for 86%. It is a multi-ethnic county. The region can be roughly divided into three parts, namely, the Weigan River alluvial fan plain, the Tarim River valley plain, and the desert.

Shaya, the transliteration of the Uighur word "Shaya". Sand is the name of "tribal leader"; Yaer, the meaning of "Zhen Zhen" means "the leader caresses his subordinates". It is one of the four major civilizations in the world. The Chinese culture of the Central Plains, the Buddhist culture of South Asia, the Persian Arab culture, and the Greek and Roman culture blend here. The national health county (township) will be reconfirmed in 2018. On December 6, 2019, it was selected as the pilot unit to promote the quality of national farmers' cooperatives in the whole county.

In 2019, the regional GDP of Shaya County was 795.809 million yuan, the added value of the primary industry was 185083 million yuan, the added value of the secondary industry was 2373.89 million yuan, the general public budget revenue was 1585.95 million yuan, and the general public budget expenditure was 4850.95 million yuan. At 15:38 on December 26, 2021, a magnitude 3.9 earthquake occurred in Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang (39.98 degrees north latitude, 82.98 degrees east longitude), with a focal depth of 20 kilometers.