Anlong County is located in the southwest of Guizhou Province and on the north bank of Nanpan River in the upper reaches of the Pearl River, covering an area of 2,237.6 square kilometers. According to the seventh census, the permanent population of Anlong County was 375,825 as of midnight on November 1, 2020.

Anlong County is adjacent to Ceheng County in the east, Xingyi City in the west, Longlin County across the river in the south, and Xingren City and Zhenfeng County in the north.

There are ethnic groups such as Han Nationality, Buyi nationality, Miao nationality, Tujia nationality, Dong nationality, Yi nationality, Gelao nationality and Shui nationality distributed in Anlong County. The minorities account for 47.25% of the total population of the county. The total population of Anlong County was 480,000 in 2018.

In March 2019, it was listed among the first batch of counties under protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics. On April 24, 2019, the People's Government of Guizhou Province officially approved Anlong County's withdrawal from the poverty-stricken county list. In 2020, the GDP of Anlong County reached 14.704 billion yuan, an increase of 4.0% over the same period last year.