Caoxian County, affiliated to Heze City of Shandong Province, known as Caozhou in ancient times, is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, at the junction of eight counties of Shandong and Henan provinces. It is adjacent to Shangqiu and Minquan County in the south, Heze and Dingtao District in the north, Shan County and Chengwu County in the east, and Dongming and Lankao County in the west. With a total area of 1,969 square kilometers, it has jurisdiction over 5 sub-district offices and 22 towns. According to the seventh census, as of midnight on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Caoxian county was 1,384,282.

In the fourth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1371), Caozhou was renamed Caoxian County, which was later restored to Caozhou. It has been honored as "The Hometown of Asparagus in China", "the Hometown of Lownia Processing in China", "the Top 100 Counties of Food Industry in China", "the Advanced County of Plain Greening in China", and the first batch of large-scale cattle cloning experimental bases in China. In history, there emerged a number of outstanding figures such as Yi Yin, the prime minister of the Shang Dynasty, Wu Qi, a military strategist in the Warring States period, and Pan Shengzhi, an agronomist in the Han Dynasty.

Cao County is Shandong Province directly manage the county (city) financial system reform pilot, approved by The State Council open county; Is the eastern enterprises to the central and western regions of the ladder transfer of bridgehead and undertake belt, one of the Central Plains economic zone eastern counties.

In 2020, the GDP of Caoxian County reached 46.382 billion yuan, an increase of 4.1 percent over the previous year.