Dushan County belongs to Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province. Located in the southernmost part of Guizhou Province, Dushan County borders Nandan County of Guangxi, and is the only way for Guizhou Province and even Southwest China to enter the Haikou of Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. It is known as the "South Gate of Guizhou" and "Southwest Gateway". It is also an important town in the south of Guizhou, and the opening frontier of the western region connecting the central and eastern regions. According to the seventh census, as of midnight on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Dushan County was 264,266.

Dushan County covers an area of 2442.2 square kilometers. It has been designated as a Class-A open county by the state and a pilot area for comprehensive reform of ethnic areas, comprehensive agricultural development, collective economy and spark technology-intensive pilot area by the provincial government.

In December 2016, it was listed in the third batch of national comprehensive pilot areas for new urbanization.

On March 3, 2020, the government withdrew from the list of poverty-stricken counties and realized poverty alleviation. China's top 100 clean water counties and cities in 2020. In 2020, the GDP of Dushan County reached 12.939 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 3.3%.