Fangcheng County is subordinate to Nanyang City, Henan Province. It is located in the southwest of Henan Province. Nanyang Basin is the key exit point in the northeast of Nanyang Basin. It borders Wancheng District of Nanyang City in the south and Pingdingshan City in the north. It is called the North Gate of Nanyang.

As of May 2021, Fangcheng County has jurisdiction over 14 towns, 1 ethnic township, 4 streets and 1 forest farm. According to the data of the seventh census, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, Fangcheng County has a permanent population of 873,731.

Known as Yuzhou in ancient times, Fangcheng has a long history and rich cultural heritage. It started in the Xia Dynasty and is the territory of Yugong Yuzhou. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it is the territory of Chu. It is one of the birthplaces of the Silk Road in China. The existing ancestral roots of the Zeng family in China: the site of the ancient Zeng State, the first ancient Great Wall in the world: the Great Wall of Chu; The ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms Period: Old City of Bowang; The place where Princess Huyang practiced truth in the Eastern Han Dynasty: Lianzhen Palace, Buddha Valley Cliff Carvings and other cultural sites. It is the hometown of Chen Sheng, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty, Zhang Shizhi, the French Saint Han Tingwei, Zhang Qian, a famous diplomat in the Western Han Dynasty and a pioneer of the Silk Road, and other historical and cultural celebrities. On May 9, 2019, after the provincial special evaluation and inspection, it reached the poverty eradication standard and officially withdrew from the poverty county sequence. On July 29, 2020, it was selected into the list of reconfirmed national health towns (counties) in 2019.