Fangzheng County, which belongs to Harbin City of Heilongjiang Province, is located in the south-central part of Heilongjiang Province, the south bank of the middle reaches of Songhua River, the northwest foot of the north section of Zhangguangcai Mountain branch of Changbai Mountain, and the lower reaches of Mafengying River. It is located between 128°13 '41 "-129°33' 20" east longitude and 45°32 '46 "-46°09' 00" north latitude. It faces Tonghe County across the river in the north, Yilan County in the east, Linkou County and Hailin County in the southeast, Shangzhi County and Yanshou County in the south, and Bin County in the west. Fangzheng Town, the seat of the county government, is 186 kilometers from the provincial capital of Harbin. The total area is 2,976 square kilometers. As of 2017, Fangzheng County has jurisdiction over four towns and four townships. The county government is based in Fangzheng Town. According to the seventh census, as of midnight on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Fangzheng County was 183,789.

Fangzheng County, to the north of the county "Fangzheng bubble" named. Qing Dynasty, Jilin general jurisdiction. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Fangzheng Bubble area, Datong County (now Tonghe County) across the river jurisdiction. On June 2, 1909 (April 15, the first year of the Xuantong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty), the Qing Court approved, the former Datong County to the South of the Fangzheng Bubble place, set up Fangzheng County, Fangzheng Pao Street, under the Yilan Mansion. In April 1991, it was put under the jurisdiction of Harbin City. Fangzheng County has three (with Jiang - Sanya), Neji (Nehe - Jixi) highway and Tietong (Tieli - Tongyu) three major provincial trunk line in the intersection of Fangzheng county. Fangzheng County is the birthplace of the national dry rice cultivation and diluting technology in cold areas, the national silver Crucian carp original breeding base, the hometown of China's Fangzheng Rice, the hometown of China's folk culture and art, the national demonstration county of ecological construction, and the hometown of Northeast Chinese characteristics.
The climate of Fangzheng County belongs to the cold temperate continental monsoon climate, with small wind and heavy rain in spring, hot and rainy in summer, cool and dry in autumn, and long, cold and dry winter. Fangzheng County is a key producing area of high quality rice in Heilongjiang Province with suitable climatic conditions and unique geographical landforms. In 2020, the GDP of Fangzheng County reached 6.612 billion yuan.