At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Keping County was called Kelepin by the Han people and Kerping by the Uyghur language. It was not established as Keping until the establishment of the county minister in 1903, and it has been used today. Keping is said to mean "flood" or "burrow".

Keping County is located in the south of Xinjiang, the westernmost part of Aksu region, the southern foot of Altag Mountain, the branch of Tianshan Mountains, and the northern edge of Tarim Basin. The administrative area is 8912 square kilometers, of which the mountainous area is 6393 square kilometers, accounting for 53% of the total area of the county. The county has jurisdiction over one town and four townships. By the end of 2019, the registered residence population of Keping County was 54836.

On January 24, 2020, the People's Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region agreed to withdraw Keping County from the poverty-stricken county sequence.

In 2019, the regional GDP of Keping County was 1290 million yuan, the added value of the primary industry was 276 million yuan, the added value of the secondary industry was 390 million yuan, the general public budget revenue was 70 million yuan, and the general public budget expenditure was 1502.38 million yuan.