Longchuan County is under the jurisdiction of Heyuan City, Guangdong Province. It is located in the northeast of Guangdong Province, upstream of Dongjiang River and Hanjiang River, and has a subtropical monsoon climate. The total area of the county is 3081.31 square kilometers, which governs 24 towns. The county government is located in Laolong Town, which is the sub-regional center of Heyuan City. According to the data of the seventh population census in 2020, the permanent population of Longchuan County is about 595500.

Longchuan County has a long history, with human activities as early as the Neolithic Age. Longchuan County was established in 214 BC (the 33rd year of Qin Shihuang), which is one of the most ancient counties in China. From the Qin Dynasty to the Republic of China, the old city of Tuo was the county or state seat. The Southern Han Dynasty moved to the state seat. The state and county coexisted for more than 400 years. It was the political, economic, cultural and military center of the county and state, known as the Lingnan Ancient City.

Longchuan County is a national key ecological functional area, a demonstration area for ecological protection and development in Guangdong, and a pilot project for fiscal reform in counties directly under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province. In March 2016, it was named "China's Air Energy Industry Base", and in March 2019, it was listed as the first batch of sub-counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics. Longchuan County enjoys the preferential treatment of the former Central Soviet District and has Shenzhen Bao'an (Longchuan) Industrial Transfer Industrial Park.

In 2022, the gross regional product of Longchuan County was 17.141 billion yuan, up 0.2% year on year.