Mouding County is located in the north-central part of Yunnan Province and the central part of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture. The maximum vertical distance between the north and south of the county is 57.6 kilometers, and the maximum horizontal distance between the east and west is 53.6 kilometers. The lowest altitude in the territory is 1140 meters and the highest altitude is 2897 meters. The average altitude of Gonghe Town, where the county seat is located, is 1758 meters; It has jurisdiction over 4 towns and 3 townships, 89 village (residential) committees, 771 natural villages and 1208 village (residential) groups. Mouding County covers a total area of 1464 square kilometers. According to the data of the seventh population census, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Mouding County was 149437.

Mouding County is one of the closest counties to Chuxiong City, the capital of Chuxiong Prefecture. It is only 35 kilometers away. There is a Yuanshuang Class II highway crossing the border. It is located in the radiation zone of the Central Yunnan Industrial New Area. The newly planned Chuxiong Airport is located in Mouding.

On September 25, 2018, it was awarded the honorary title of "2018 Comprehensive Demonstration County of E-commerce in Rural Areas" by the Ministry of Commerce. On September 29, 2018, after the study of Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and Yunnan Provincial Government, Mouding County was approved to withdraw from the poverty-stricken county. On February 2, 2019, it was rated by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine as an advanced unit in the work of traditional Chinese medicine at the national grass-roots level at the county level. In June 2020, it was selected as the first batch of demonstration areas and projects for the construction of a national government under the rule of law by the Central Commission for the Rule of Law.

In 2020, Mouding County achieved a GDP growth of 6.9%, ranking third in the state; Investment in fixed assets increased by 1.5%; The general public budget revenue increased by 3%; The total retail sales of consumer goods increased by 3.2%; The per capita disposable income of urban and rural permanent residents reached 38720 yuan and 12243 yuan, up 4.7% and 8% respectively.