Pei County, short for "Pei", is named after "Peize" in ancient times. It is a county under the jurisdiction of Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province. It is located in the northwest of Xuzhou City, at the junction of Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces. It is adjacent to Weishan Lake in the east, Fengxian County in the west, Tongshan District in the south, Yutai County in Shandong Province in the north, and at the southeast edge of the North China Plain and the northwest part of the Huaihai Economic Zone. The total area is 1806 square kilometers. According to the data of the seventh population census, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Peixian County is 1038337.

Peixian County is a city of lakes and green cities with crisscross water veins. Peicheng is less than 5 kilometers away from Weishan Lake, the largest freshwater lake in northern China, in the east, with 62 kilometers of shoreline and 400 square kilometers of lake surface.

Peixian has a long history and rich resources. It is the main coal producing area in Jiangsu Province and East China. The proven coal reserves are 2.4 billion tons, and the annual output of raw coal is 12 million tons, accounting for 70% of the province. Peixian County is one of the first national civilized counties and the national advanced county for scientific and technological progress. It has won the titles of National Top 100 Counties, National Top 100 Industrial Counties, National Garden County, National Pilot County of Intellectual Property Project, and China's Best Ecotourism County.

In 2019, Peixian ranked 32nd in the national county economy and comprehensive development, 65th in the top 100 counties and cities with comprehensive strength, 57th in the top 100 counties and cities with scientific and technological innovation, and 44th in the top 100 counties and cities with economic competitiveness. On July 29, 2020, it was included in the naming list of national health towns (counties) in the 2017-2019 cycle. In August 2020, it was awarded the title of "Four Good Rural Roads" provincial demonstration county in 2019. In December 2020, it was selected as one of the top 100 national county economies with comprehensive competitiveness.

In 2020, Peixian County will achieve a GDP of 80.5 billion yuan, up 3.9%, ranking first in the city; The general public budget revenue is 4.61 billion yuan, ranking second in the city.