Qiemo County is located in the south of Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, at the north foot of Kunlun Mountains and Altun Mountains, and at the southeast edge of Tarim Basin. It is 280 kilometers away from Ruoqiang County in the east, 315 kilometers away from Minfeng County in the Hotan Region in the west, Nanping Altun Mountain in the south, bounded by Kunlun Mountain and Tibet Autonomous Region in the east, facing Yuli County in the north and the Taklimakan Desert in the north, and adjacent to Shaya County in Aksu Region in the northwest, with a maximum width of 320 kilometers from the east to the west and a maximum length of 460 kilometers from the north to the south.

Qiemo Town, the county seat, is 1270 kilometers away from Urumqi. The administrative area covers a total area of 140200 square kilometers, which is the second largest county in China after Ruoqiang County. In 2019, the registered residence of Qiemo County was 71069, of which 73% were ethnic minorities and 27% were Han people.

Of the total area, the mountainous area is 62300 square kilometers, accounting for 44.42%; The desert area is 53800 square kilometers, accounting for 38.37%; The piedmont inclined plain covers an area of 24100 square kilometers, accounting for 17.21%. National Highway 315 and Tazhong Desert Highway cross the county. The county seat is 667 kilometers away from the Jingta Desert Highway in Korla, the capital of the autonomous prefecture.

On January 2, 2020, the State Council agreed to assign part of Qiemo County to the jurisdiction of Tiemenguan.

In 2019, the regional GDP of Qiemo County was 2969.3 million yuan, the added value of the primary industry was 811.39 million yuan, the added value of the secondary industry was 285.77 million yuan, the general public budget revenue was 319.61 million yuan, and the general public budget expenditure was 1989.25 million yuan.