Wuyuan County is located in the western part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in the hinterland of Hetao Plain. It is subordinate to Bayannur City, adjacent to the steel city of Baotou in the east, adjacent to the coal city of Wuhai in the west, facing Ordos across the Yellow River in the south and the Yinshan Mountains in the north. Wuyuan County covers an area of 2544 square kilometers and has jurisdiction over 8 towns, 1 township and 1 farm. Longxingchang Town is the county seat. The ancient county Wuyuan has a history of more than 2,400 years. During the Warring States period, it was the western part of Jiuyuan County of the State of Zhao. In modern history, General Feng Yuxiang held the "Wuyuan Oath Division", which was recorded in history. General Fu Zuoyi launched the famous "Wuyuan Campaign". According to the seventh census, as of midnight on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Wuyuan county was 224,809.

In March 2020, it won the title of "Advanced County in National Village Cleaning Action" and was praised by the Central Agriculture Office and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

At the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan period, compared with the end of the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the GDP increased from 8.56 billion yuan to 10.38 billion yuan. Total retail sales of consumer goods increased from $2.69 billion to $3.57 billion; The per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents increased from 24,201 yuan and 14,248 yuan to 33,290 yuan and 21,658 yuan respectively. On August 2, 2021, Wuyuan County of Bayannur City was designated as the key rural revitalization banner county of the autonomous region after deliberation and approval by the 7th General Meeting of the People's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2021 and the 257th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 10th Party Committee of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.