Xuwen County, under the jurisdiction of Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, is located at the southernmost end of Chinese Mainland, bordering Qiongzhou Strait in the south, facing Hainan Island across the sea, bordering the South China Sea in the east, Beibu Gulf in the west, and Leizhou City in the north. It is between 109 ° 52 'and 110 ° 35' east longitude and 20 ° 13 'and 20 ° 43' north latitude, with a total land area of 1979.6 square kilometers. Xuwen County has a tropical monsoon climate with sufficient sunshine and abundant solar radiation energy. As of 2018, Xuwen County has jurisdiction over 1 street, 12 towns and 2 townships, with 4 farms and 1 state-owned enterprise. It is a pilot project of fiscal reform in counties directly under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province.

According to the data of the seventh population census, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Xuwen County is 633258.

Xuwen County has been an important place for military garrison and business travel since ancient times, so Su Dongpo said, "People in the four states take Xuwen as their throat." It is "the starting port of the Maritime Silk Road in the Han Dynasty".