Bayannur, one of the prefectural-level cities under the jurisdiction of Inner Mongolia, is located in the west of Inner Mongolia, between latitude 40°13'-42°28' north and longitude 105°12'-109°53' east, connected to Baotou in the east, Alashan League and Wuhai in the west, facing Ordos across the Yellow River in the south, and bordering Mongolia in the north, with a total area of 65,000 square kilometers. According to the seventh census data, as of midnight on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Bayannur City was 1,538,715.

The northern part of Bayannur City is Wulat grassland, the central part is Yinshan mountain, and the southern part is Hetao plain. It is a typical mid-temperate continental monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 3.7℃ ~ 7.6℃. The territory is rich in mineral resources, wind energy resources and sunshine resources, and its pyrite reserves rank first in China, making it one of the regions with the most abundant wind energy resources in China. Hetao Irrigated Area in Bayannur is the largest artefact irrigated area in Asia, and the Hetao plain in Bayannur has the reputation of "the River South of the Yangtze River". The organic milk output of the city accounts for more than half of the country, and the export of agricultural and livestock products ranks first in Inner Mongolia, making it the largest plus-free production base in China.

By 2022, Bayannur City has jurisdiction over 1 municipal district, 2 counties and 4 banners. Within the territory of Nalin Lake, the Yellow River, Jinghu and other tourist areas, has been awarded the China international tourism and cultural destination, national garden city. In 2021, the GDP of Bayannur reached 98.27 billion yuan, an increase of 4.3 percent over the previous year based on comparable prices, and the per capita GDP reached 64,144 yuan, an increase of 5.1 percent over the previous year.