Luliang City is located in the west of the central part of Shanxi Province. It is named after the Luliang Mountains running through the whole area from north to south. It faces Yulin in Shaanxi across the Yellow River in the west, is connected to Taiyuan in the northeast, and borders Jinzhong and Linfen in the east and southeast respectively. The city basically belongs to the temperate continental monsoon climate zone. It is cold in winter and hot in summer, with four distinct seasons. With a total area of 21000 square kilometers, the city has jurisdiction over 1 municipal district, 10 counties, 2 county-level cities, and the municipal government is located in Lishi District. According to the data of the seventh census, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Luliang City is 3398431.

Luliang is an old revolutionary base area. During the Revolutionary War, it was the main battlefield of the Red Army's Eastern Expedition, the capital of the Shanxi Suiyuan Border Region, and the location of the Central Rear Committee. A Hero Biography of Luliang is a true portrayal of the people of Luliang who braved sacrifice and kept going forward in the war years. Luliang is a new development area, which was removed from the land and set up as a city in 2003. It is the youngest prefecture level city in Shanxi Province.

On October 20, 2020, Luliang City was selected into the list of national model cities (counties) for double support.