Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, referred to as "Bazhou" for short, is subordinate to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and located in the southeast of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. There are mountains, basins, rivers, lakes, Gobi, deserts and plain oases in the territory, belonging to the continental climate of the temperate zone and the warm temperate zone. With a total area of 471500 square kilometers, it has jurisdiction over 1 county-level city, 7 counties and 1 autonomous county. According to the data of the seventh population census, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture was 1613979.

Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture has a long history and thousands of years of development history. Both the south and middle routes of the Silk Road pass through Bazhou. The thirty-six countries of the Western Regions include Loulan, Ruoqiang, Qiemo, Xiaowan, Ronglu, Shanguo, Luntai, Yanqi, Yuli, Quli and Weixu in Bazhou. Bazhou has unique tourism resources. The basic types of tourism resources in Bazhou are diverse. In addition to the natural landscapes of Tianshan Mountain, Kunlun Mountain, the desert, the Great Lake, the prairie, and the Gobi, there are also many historical and cultural landscapes, such as Tiemen Pass, the ruins of the ancient city of Loulan, the Sikhqin Thousand-Buddha Cave, and the ruins of Milan.

In 2018, the output value of Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture was 102.75 billion yuan, up 4% from the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 15.53 billion yuan, down 2.2% from the previous year; The added value of the secondary industry was 56.1 billion yuan, an increase of 5.5% over the previous year; The added value of the tertiary industry was 31.21 billion yuan, an increase of 5.1% over the previous year.

On January 2, 2020, the State Council agreed to assign part of the Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture to the jurisdiction of Tiemenguan.